Skip to main content

fish

Bottom-dwelling aquarium fish

Species typically occupying the lower water column — pair with appropriate substrate and avoid overcrowding the floor zone.

88 species

  • South America
    Adolf's catfish

    Adolf's catfish

    Corydoras adolfoi

    Temp22–26°C
    pH6–7
    Size6 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank80 L
    Recommended group6

    Keep a group on clean fine sand or smooth, rounded gravel.

    Adolf's catfish

    Corydoras adolfoi

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1

    Keep a group on clean fine sand or smooth, rounded gravel.

    Compare
  • South America
    Agassiz's dwarf cichlid

    Agassiz's dwarf cichlid

    Apistogramma agassizii

    Temp22–29°C
    pH5–7
    Size7.5 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank60 L
    Recommended group1

    Agassiz's dwarf cichlid

    Apistogramma agassizii

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    2
    Compare
  • Asia
    Almorha loach

    Almorha loach

    Botia almorhae

    Temp19–27.5°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size16 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank243 L
    Recommended group6

    Almorha loach

    Botia almorhae

    Lifespan estimate
    6 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    3

    Fin nipper — avoid with long-finned tankmates

    Compare
  • Southeast Asia
    Asian bumblebee catfish

    Asian bumblebee catfish

    Pseudomystus siamensis

    Temp22–26°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size18 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank120 L
    Recommended group1

    Asian bumblebee catfish

    Pseudomystus siamensis

    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    2
    Compare
  • Asia
    Asian Stone Catfish

    Asian Stone Catfish

    Hara jerdoni

    Temp18–24°C
    pH5.6–7.6
    Size3 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank12.5 L
    Recommended group3

    Asian Stone Catfish

    Hara jerdoni

    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia)
    Assassin Snail

    Assassin Snail

    Anentome helena

    Temp21–27°C
    pH7.2–8
    Size3 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyEasy
    Adult tank20 L
    Recommended group1

    Assassin Snail

    Anentome helena

    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    2
    Compare
  • Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand)
    Bamboo Shrimp

    Bamboo Shrimp

    Atyopsis moluccensis

    Temp22–28°C
    pH6.5–7.5
    Size10 cm
    DietDetritivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank80 L
    Recommended group3

    Bamboo Shrimp

    Atyopsis moluccensis

    Lifespan estimate
    3 yr
    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • Rio Tocantins basin, Brazil
    Bigtooth river stingray

    Bigtooth river stingray

    Potamotrygon henlei

    Temp23–28°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size60 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyExpert
    Adult tank1728 L
    Recommended group1

    Bigtooth river stingray

    Potamotrygon henlei

    Lifespan estimate
    20 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    2
    Compare
  • South America
    Black ghost knifefish

    Black ghost knifefish

    Apteronotus albifrons

    Temp23–28°C
    pH6–8
    Size50 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank450 L
    Recommended group1

    Provide effective filtration, sheltered retreats and at least 450 L for one adult; allow more room for additional fish.

    Black ghost knifefish

    Apteronotus albifrons

    Lifespan estimate
    10 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    1

    Provide effective filtration, sheltered retreats and at least 450 L for one adult; allow more room for additional fish.

    Compare
  • Asia
    Blue Belly Goby

    Blue Belly Goby

    Stiphodon percnopterygionus

    Temp22–28°C
    pH6.5–7.5
    Size3.5 cm
    DietHerbivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank54 L
    Recommended group3

    Blue Belly Goby

    Stiphodon percnopterygionus

    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Blue-eye panaque

    Blue-eye panaque

    Panaque suttonorum

    Temp20–24°C
    pH6.2–7.5
    Size28 cm
    DietHerbivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyHard
    Adult tank500 L
    Recommended group1

    Provide wood alongside varied food, sheltered retreats and effective filtration.

    Blue-eye panaque

    Panaque suttonorum

    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    2

    Provide wood alongside varied food, sheltered retreats and effective filtration.

    Compare
  • Africa
    Bluegray mbuna

    Bluegray mbuna

    Melanochromis johannii

    Temp24–28°C
    pH7.5–8.6
    Size10 cm
    DietHerbivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank120 L
    Recommended group4

    Bluegray mbuna

    Melanochromis johannii

    Lifespan estimate
    10 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    3

    Fin nipper — avoid with long-finned tankmates

    Compare
  • Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra and Borneo
    Borneo Loach

    Borneo Loach

    Pangio shelfordii

    Temp21–26°C
    pH4–7
    Size8 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank54 L
    Recommended group5

    Borneo Loach

    Pangio shelfordii

    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Bronze corydoras

    Bronze corydoras

    Osteogaster aenea

    Temp22–26°C
    pH6–8
    Size7.5 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyEasy
    Adult tank72 L
    Recommended group6

    Keep a group with a base of at least 80 × 30 cm and clean sand or smooth gravel.

    Bronze corydoras

    Osteogaster aenea

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1

    Keep a group with a base of at least 80 × 30 cm and clean sand or smooth gravel.

    Compare
  • Sulawesi, Indonesia
    Cardinal Shrimp

    Cardinal Shrimp

    Caridina dennerli

    Temp26–30°C
    pH7.5–8.5
    Size2.5 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyExpert
    Adult tank57 L
    Recommended group5

    Cardinal Shrimp

    Caridina dennerli

    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • Asia
    Chameleon fish

    Chameleon fish

    Badis badis

    Temp15–25°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size6 cm
    DietInsectivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank72 L
    Recommended group2

    Chameleon fish

    Badis badis

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • Asia
    Chen Hillstream Loach

    Chen Hillstream Loach

    Pseudogastromyzon cheni

    Temp20–25°C
    pH6.5–7.5
    Size5 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyHard
    Adult tank75 L
    Recommended group4

    Maintain strong oxygenation, water movement and mature biofilm on rocks.

    Chen Hillstream Loach

    Pseudogastromyzon cheni

    Lifespan estimate
    4 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1

    Maintain strong oxygenation, water movement and mature biofilm on rocks.

    Compare
  • Taiwan (selectively bred from wild Neocaridina davidi)
    Cherry Shrimp

    Cherry Shrimp

    Neocaridina davidi

    Temp18–28°C
    pH6.5–8
    Size2.5 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyEasy
    Adult tank19 L
    Recommended group5

    Cherry Shrimp

    Neocaridina davidi

    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Chessboard cichlid

    Chessboard cichlid

    Dicrossus filamentosus

    Temp27–30°C
    pH4.5–7
    Size10.2 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank68 L
    Recommended group2

    Chessboard cichlid

    Dicrossus filamentosus

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • Asia
    Chinese algae-eater

    Chinese algae-eater

    Gyrinocheilus aymonieri

    Temp22–26°C
    pH6–8
    Size28 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank304 L
    Recommended group1

    Adults are territorial and may damage tankmates; a group of six is only an option in a very large tank.

    Chinese algae-eater

    Gyrinocheilus aymonieri

    Lifespan estimate
    15 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    3

    Fin nipper — avoid with long-finned tankmates

    Adults are territorial and may damage tankmates; a group of six is only an option in a very large tank.

    Compare
  • Asia
    Clown loach

    Clown loach

    Chromobotia macracanthus

    Temp24–30°C
    pH5–7
    Size40 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank648 L
    Recommended group5

    Plan for adult group space and hiding places; use a mature tank and a secure cover.

    Clown loach

    Chromobotia macracanthus

    Lifespan estimate
    15 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1

    Plan for adult group space and hiding places; use a mature tank and a secure cover.

    Compare
  • Asia
    Cobalt Blue Goby

    Cobalt Blue Goby

    Stiphodon semoni

    Temp22–28°C
    pH6.5–7.5
    Size5 cm
    DietHerbivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank54 L
    Recommended group3

    Cobalt Blue Goby

    Stiphodon semoni

    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Cockatoo cichlid

    Cockatoo cichlid

    Apistogramma cacatuoides

    Temp22–29°C
    pH6–8
    Size7.5 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyEasy
    Adult tank60 L
    Recommended group2

    Cockatoo cichlid

    Apistogramma cacatuoides

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    2
    Compare
  • Asia
    Colored snakehead

    Colored snakehead

    Channa pulchra

    Temp18–25°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size30 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyExpert
    Adult tank300 L
    Recommended group1

    Colored snakehead

    Channa pulchra

    Lifespan estimate
    10 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • South America
    Common otocinclus

    Common otocinclus

    Otocinclus vittatus

    Temp20–25°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size3.3 cm
    DietHerbivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank60 L
    Recommended group6

    Use a mature tank with established biofilm; confirm actual feeding and supplement food.

    Common otocinclus

    Otocinclus vittatus

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1

    Use a mature tank with established biofilm; confirm actual feeding and supplement food.

    Compare
  • Central America
    Convict cichlid

    Convict cichlid

    Amatitlania nigrofasciata

    Temp24–28°C
    pH6–8
    Size15 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyEasy
    Adult tank81 L
    Recommended group2

    Convict cichlid

    Amatitlania nigrofasciata

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    3

    Fin nipper — avoid with long-finned tankmates

    Compare
  • Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo
    Coolie loach

    Coolie loach

    Pangio semicincta

    Temp21–26°C
    pH5.5–6.5
    Size10 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyEasy
    Adult tank54 L
    Recommended group5

    Coolie loach

    Pangio semicincta

    Lifespan estimate
    8 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Demon eartheater

    Demon eartheater

    Satanoperca jurupari

    Temp20–28°C
    pH5.5–7.5
    Size18.5 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank756 L
    Recommended group5

    Demon eartheater

    Satanoperca jurupari

    Lifespan estimate
    10 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • Africa
    Elephantnose fish

    Elephantnose fish

    Gnathonemus petersii

    Temp23–28°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size22.5 cm
    DietInsectivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank243 L
    Recommended group1

    Elephantnose fish

    Gnathonemus petersii

    Lifespan estimate
    10 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    2
    Compare
  • Asia
    Fire eel

    Fire eel

    Mastacembelus erythrotaenia

    Temp24–28°C
    pH6–7
    Size100 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank500 L
    Recommended group1

    Fire eel

    Mastacembelus erythrotaenia

    Lifespan estimate
    10 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • Central America
    Firemouth cichlid

    Firemouth cichlid

    Thorichthys meeki

    Temp20–32°C
    pH6.5–8.5
    Size12 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank120 L
    Recommended group2

    Firemouth cichlid

    Thorichthys meeki

    Lifespan estimate
    10 yr
    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • Asia
    Flying fox

    Flying fox

    Epalzeorhynchos kalopterum

    Temp20–26°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size16 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank243 L
    Recommended group1

    Flying fox

    Epalzeorhynchos kalopterum

    Lifespan estimate
    12 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    2

    Fin nipper — avoid with long-finned tankmates

    Compare
  • Lower Mekong basin (Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam) and southeastern Thailand
    No image

    Giant kuhli loach

    Pangio myersi

    Temp21–26°C
    pH3.5–7
    Size10 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyEasy
    Adult tank54 L
    Recommended group5

    Giant kuhli loach

    Pangio myersi

    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • Colombia (Magdalena basin)
    Giant Whiptail

    Giant Whiptail

    Sturisomatichthys aureus

    Temp20–26°C
    pH6.6–7.6
    Size15 cm
    DietHerbivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank200 L
    Recommended group1

    Provide clean water, sheltered resting places and water circulation.

    Giant Whiptail

    Sturisomatichthys aureus

    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    1

    Provide clean water, sheltered resting places and water circulation.

    Compare
  • Africa
    Globe fish

    Globe fish

    Tetraodon lineatus

    Temp24–26°C
    pH6.5–7.5
    Size43 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyExpert
    Adult tank450 L
    Recommended group1

    Keep a single fish alone; provide hard-shelled foods and avoid handling near its teeth.

    Globe fish

    Tetraodon lineatus

    Lifespan estimate
    10 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    5

    High aggression — research tankmates carefully

    Keep a single fish alone; provide hard-shelled foods and avoid handling near its teeth.

    Compare
  • Africa
    Gold Cap Caudopunctatus

    Gold Cap Caudopunctatus

    Neolamprologus caudopunctatus

    Temp23–25°C
    pH7.5–8.5
    Size6.5 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyEasy
    Adult tank80 L
    Recommended group2

    Provide sand, rock caves and adequate breeding territory.

    Gold Cap Caudopunctatus

    Neolamprologus caudopunctatus

    Lifespan estimate
    6 yr
    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    3

    Provide sand, rock caves and adequate breeding territory.

    Compare
  • South America
    Gold Nugget Pleco

    Gold Nugget Pleco

    Baryancistrus xanthellus

    Temp27–32°C
    pH6–8
    Size22.41 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyHard
    Adult tank243 L
    Recommended group1

    Gold Nugget Pleco

    Baryancistrus xanthellus

    Lifespan estimate
    8 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • Asia
    Goldspotted snakehead

    Goldspotted snakehead

    Channa aurantimaculata

    Temp10–28°C
    pH6–8
    Size40 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyExpert
    Adult tank540 L
    Recommended group1

    Goldspotted snakehead

    Channa aurantimaculata

    Lifespan estimate
    15 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • Africa
    Gray bichir

    Gray bichir

    Polypterus senegalus

    Temp25–28°C
    pH6–8
    Size70 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank540 L
    Recommended group1

    Provide a long, broad aquarium, unrestricted surface access and a secure lid; smaller fish may be eaten.

    Gray bichir

    Polypterus senegalus

    Lifespan estimate
    15 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    3

    Provide a long, broad aquarium, unrestricted surface access and a secure lid; smaller fish may be eaten.

    Compare
  • South America
    Guitarrita

    Guitarrita

    Bunocephalus coracoideus

    Temp20–27°C
    pH5.8–7.8
    Size15 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank100 L
    Recommended group1

    Guitarrita

    Bunocephalus coracoideus

    Lifespan estimate
    8 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    2
    Compare
  • Central America
    Haitian cichlid

    Haitian cichlid

    Nandopsis haitiensis

    Temp24–27°C
    pH7–8
    Size21.5 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyHard
    Adult tank400 L
    Recommended group1

    Provide ample space and strong filtration; breeding aggression can seriously injure tankmates.

    Haitian cichlid

    Nandopsis haitiensis

    Lifespan estimate
    12 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    3

    Provide ample space and strong filtration; breeding aggression can seriously injure tankmates.

    Compare
  • Asia
    Hillstream loach

    Hillstream loach

    Gastromyzon punctulatus

    Temp23–25°C
    pH6.5–7.5
    Size6.5 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank60 L
    Recommended group3

    Hillstream loach

    Gastromyzon punctulatus

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Hoplo Catfish

    Hoplo Catfish

    Megalechis thoracata

    Temp18–28°C
    pH6–8
    Size15.5 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyEasy
    Adult tank140 L
    Recommended group2

    Hoplo Catfish

    Megalechis thoracata

    Lifespan estimate
    8 yr
    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • Africa
    Hump-head

    Hump-head

    Cyrtocara moorii

    Temp25–29°C
    pH7.5–8.8
    Size25 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank250 L
    Recommended group4

    Hump-head

    Cyrtocara moorii

    Lifespan estimate
    10 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • Central America
    Jack Dempsey

    Jack Dempsey

    Rocio octofasciata

    Temp20–30°C
    pH6.5–8
    Size20 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank243 L
    Recommended group2

    Jack Dempsey

    Rocio octofasciata

    Lifespan estimate
    10 yr
    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    4

    High aggression — research tankmates carefully

    Compare
  • Africa
    Jewelfish

    Jewelfish

    Hemichromis bimaculatus

    Temp22–28°C
    pH6–7.8
    Size15 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank110 L
    Recommended group2

    Jewelfish

    Hemichromis bimaculatus

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    3

    Fin nipper — avoid with long-finned tankmates

    Compare
  • South America
    Leopard corydoras

    Leopard corydoras

    Corydoras julii

    Temp20–26°C
    pH6–8
    Size5.5 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyEasy
    Adult tank81 L
    Recommended group4

    Leopard corydoras

    Corydoras julii

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Leopard Frog Pleco

    Leopard Frog Pleco

    Peckoltia compta

    Temp24–29°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size6.2 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank100 L
    Recommended group1

    Leopard Frog Pleco

    Peckoltia compta

    Lifespan estimate
    15 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • Asia
    Lizard Loach

    Lizard Loach

    Homaloptera orthogoniata

    Temp20–25.5°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size9.5 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank108 L
    Recommended group6

    Lizard Loach

    Homaloptera orthogoniata

    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    2
    Compare
  • Asia
    Malabar pufferfish

    Malabar pufferfish

    Carinotetraodon travancoricus

    Temp22–28°C
    pH6.8–8
    Size2.5 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyExpert
    Adult tank12.6 L
    Recommended group1

    Malabar pufferfish

    Carinotetraodon travancoricus

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • South America
    Medusa Pleco

    Medusa Pleco

    Ancistrus ranunculus

    Temp25–30°C
    pH6–7
    Size13 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank72 L
    Recommended group1

    Medusa Pleco

    Ancistrus ranunculus

    Lifespan estimate
    8 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Mendezs Dwarf Cichlid

    Mendezs Dwarf Cichlid

    Apistogramma mendezi

    Temp23–29°C
    pH4–6
    Size6 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank80 L
    Recommended group2

    Mendezs Dwarf Cichlid

    Apistogramma mendezi

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • South America
    Nannoptopoma

    Nannoptopoma

    Nannoptopoma sternoptychum

    Temp—
    pH—
    Size3.3 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank—
    Recommended group3

    Nannoptopoma

    Nannoptopoma sternoptychum

    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    2
    Compare
  • South America
    Oxyropsis

    Oxyropsis

    Oxyropsis carinata

    Temp26–29°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size7.6 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank60 L
    Recommended group5

    Oxyropsis

    Oxyropsis carinata

    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Palespotted corydoras

    Palespotted corydoras

    Hoplisoma gossei

    Temp24–28°C
    pH5.5–7.5
    Size5.5 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyEasy
    Adult tank81 L
    Recommended group6

    Keep a group with clean substrate and a base of at least 90 × 30 cm.

    Palespotted corydoras

    Hoplisoma gossei

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1

    Keep a group with clean substrate and a base of at least 90 × 30 cm.

    Compare
  • Upper Amazon, Peru
    Panda corydoras

    Panda corydoras

    Corydoras panda

    Temp22–25°C
    pH6–7.4
    Size5 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyEasy
    Adult tank41 L
    Recommended group6

    Panda corydoras

    Corydoras panda

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • Asia
    Peacock eel

    Peacock eel

    Macrognathus siamensis

    Temp23–28°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size30 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank150 L
    Recommended group1

    Peacock eel

    Macrognathus siamensis

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    2
    Compare
  • Africa
    Pearly calvus

    Pearly calvus

    Altolamprologus calvus

    Temp24–27°C
    pH7.5–9
    Size13.8 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank150 L
    Recommended group2

    Provide rock retreats and separate territories for a colony.

    Pearly calvus

    Altolamprologus calvus

    Lifespan estimate
    8 yr
    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    3

    Provide rock retreats and separate territories for a colony.

    Compare
  • Palau, Micronesia; possibly the Mariana Islands and Pohnpei
    Pelew Stiphodon

    Pelew Stiphodon

    Stiphodon pelewensis

    Temp22–28°C
    pH6.5–7.5
    Size4.1 cm
    DietHerbivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyHard
    Adult tank54 L
    Recommended group3

    Pelew Stiphodon

    Stiphodon pelewensis

    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Peppered corydoras

    Peppered corydoras

    Hoplisoma paleatum

    Temp22–26°C
    pH6–7
    Size7 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyEasy
    Adult tank80 L
    Recommended group6

    Keep a group with clean sand or smooth gravel and a base of at least 61 × 38 cm.

    Peppered corydoras

    Hoplisoma paleatum

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1

    Keep a group with clean sand or smooth gravel and a base of at least 61 × 38 cm.

    Compare
  • South America
    Pictus cat

    Pictus cat

    Pimelodus pictus

    Temp22–25°C
    pH5.8–6.8
    Size12 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank243 L
    Recommended group6

    Pictus cat

    Pimelodus pictus

    Lifespan estimate
    8 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • Asia
    Pond loach

    Pond loach

    Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

    Temp18–23°C
    pH6.5–8
    Size28 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank240 L
    Recommended group3

    Pond loach

    Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

    Lifespan estimate
    10 yr
    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    2
    Compare
  • South America
    Pygmy corydoras

    Pygmy corydoras

    Corydoras pygmaeus

    Temp22–26°C
    pH6.4–7.4
    Size3 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyEasy
    Adult tank42.5 L
    Recommended group6

    Pygmy corydoras

    Corydoras pygmaeus

    Lifespan estimate
    4 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Red Wolf Fish

    Red Wolf Fish

    Erythrinus erythrinus

    Temp22–26°C
    pH5.5–7.5
    Size20 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyExpert
    Adult tank108 L
    Recommended group1

    Best kept singly; smaller fish are prey and conspecifics may fight lethally. Fit a secure cover.

    Red Wolf Fish

    Erythrinus erythrinus

    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    4

    High aggression — research tankmates carefully

    Best kept singly; smaller fish are prey and conspecifics may fight lethally. Fit a secure cover.

    Compare
  • South America
    Redstriped eartheater

    Redstriped eartheater

    Geophagus surinamensis

    Temp24–28°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size17.2 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank300 L
    Recommended group4

    Redstriped eartheater

    Geophagus surinamensis

    Lifespan estimate
    10 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • Asia
    Reticulated hillstream loach

    Reticulated hillstream loach

    Sewellia lineolata

    Temp18–24°C
    pH6.5–7.5
    Size5.7 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank60 L
    Recommended group3

    Reticulated hillstream loach

    Sewellia lineolata

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    2
    Compare
  • Colombia and Venezuela (Lake Maracaibo basin)
    Royal Farlowella

    Royal Farlowella

    Sturisomatichthys festivus

    Temp24–28°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size16.9 cm
    DietHerbivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank200 L
    Recommended group1

    Royal Farlowella

    Sturisomatichthys festivus

    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • South America
    Royal panaque

    Royal panaque

    Panaque nigrolineatus

    Temp22–30°C
    pH6.5–7.5
    Size43 cm
    DietHerbivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyHard
    Adult tank450 L
    Recommended group1

    Royal panaque

    Panaque nigrolineatus

    Lifespan estimate
    12 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Schwartz's catfish

    Schwartz's catfish

    Corydoras schwartzi

    Temp22–24°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size7 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank68 L
    Recommended group6

    Schwartz's catfish

    Corydoras schwartzi

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • Asia
    Small snakehead

    Small snakehead

    Channa asiatica

    Temp15–25°C
    pH6–8
    Size35 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyExpert
    Adult tank160 L
    Recommended group1

    Small snakehead

    Channa asiatica

    Lifespan estimate
    15 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • South America
    South American freshwater stingray

    South American freshwater stingray

    Potamotrygon motoro

    Temp24–28°C
    pH5–6
    Size50 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyHard
    Adult tank1000 L
    Recommended group1

    South American freshwater stingray

    Potamotrygon motoro

    Lifespan estimate
    15 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • South America
    Sterba's cory

    Sterba's cory

    Corydoras sterbai

    Temp24–28°C
    pH6–7.6
    Size6.5 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyEasy
    Adult tank80 L
    Recommended group6

    Sterba's cory

    Corydoras sterbai

    Lifespan estimate
    4 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Sunshine Pleco

    Sunshine Pleco

    Scobinancistrus aureatus

    Temp25–29°C
    pH5.5–7
    Size29 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank300 L
    Recommended group1

    Sunshine Pleco

    Scobinancistrus aureatus

    Lifespan estimate
    10 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • Leyte, Philippines; also Okinawa and Yakushima, Japan
    Surrufus Stiphodon

    Surrufus Stiphodon

    Stiphodon surrufus

    Temp22–28°C
    pH6.5–7.5
    Size2.1 cm
    DietHerbivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyHard
    Adult tank54 L
    Recommended group3

    Surrufus Stiphodon

    Stiphodon surrufus

    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Threespot eartheater

    Threespot eartheater

    Satanoperca daemon

    Temp24–28°C
    pH3.5–6
    Size25 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank756 L
    Recommended group5

    Threespot eartheater

    Satanoperca daemon

    Lifespan estimate
    8 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • South America
    Twig Catfish

    Twig Catfish

    Farlowella vittata

    Temp24–27°C
    pH6–7
    Size15 cm
    DietHerbivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyHard
    Adult tank81 L
    Recommended group1

    Twig Catfish

    Farlowella vittata

    Lifespan estimate
    15 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Twosaddle corydoras

    Twosaddle corydoras

    Hoplisoma weitzmani

    Temp22–26°C
    pH6–7.2
    Size6 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank60 L
    Recommended group6

    Keep a group in a mature aquarium with clean sand or smooth, rounded gravel.

    Twosaddle corydoras

    Hoplisoma weitzmani

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1

    Keep a group in a mature aquarium with clean sand or smooth, rounded gravel.

    Compare
  • South America
    Umbrella cichlid

    Umbrella cichlid

    Apistogramma borellii

    Temp20–26°C
    pH6–8
    Size6.5 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank60 L
    Recommended group2

    Umbrella cichlid

    Apistogramma borellii

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Vampire Pleco

    Vampire Pleco

    Leporacanthicus galaxias

    Temp22–26°C
    pH5.6–7
    Size25 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank243 L
    Recommended group1

    Vampire Pleco

    Leporacanthicus galaxias

    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • West Africa (Gabon, Cameroon, Nigeria)
    Vampire Shrimp

    Vampire Shrimp

    Atya gabonensis

    Temp24–28°C
    pH6.5–7.5
    Size15 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank100 L
    Recommended group3

    Vampire Shrimp

    Atya gabonensis

    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • Asia
    Walking snakehead

    Walking snakehead

    Channa orientalis

    Temp16–24°C
    pH5–7.5
    Size10 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank80 L
    Recommended group1

    Walking snakehead

    Channa orientalis

    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • South America
    Whiptail catfish

    Whiptail catfish

    Farlowella acus

    Temp24–27°C
    pH6–7
    Size15 cm
    DietHerbivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank81 L
    Recommended group5

    Whiptail catfish

    Farlowella acus

    Lifespan estimate
    8 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Whiptail Catfish

    Whiptail Catfish

    Loricaria simillima

    Temp24–27°C
    pH5.6–7.8
    Size18 cm
    DietOmnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank150 L
    Recommended group3

    Whiptail Catfish

    Loricaria simillima

    Lifespan estimate
    10 yr
    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • Asia
    Zebra loach

    Zebra loach

    Botia striata

    Temp21–26°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size9 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank108 L
    Recommended group5

    Zebra loach

    Botia striata

    Lifespan estimate
    10 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    2
    Compare
  • East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique)
    Zebra Nerite

    Zebra Nerite

    Vittina natalensis

    Temp22–28°C
    pH7–8.5
    Size2.5 cm
    DietHerbivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank20 L
    Recommended group1

    Provide algae-covered surfaces and stable water; protect snails from predatory tankmates.

    Zebra Nerite

    Vittina natalensis

    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    1

    Provide algae-covered surfaces and stable water; protect snails from predatory tankmates.

    Compare
  • South America
    Zebra Oto

    Zebra Oto

    Otocinclus cocama

    Temp21–25°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size4.5 cm
    DietHerbivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank40 L
    Recommended group6

    Zebra Oto

    Otocinclus cocama

    Lifespan estimate
    5 yr
    Schooling
    Yes
    Aggression
    1
    Compare
  • South America
    Zebra pleco

    Zebra pleco

    Hypancistrus zebra

    Temp26–30°C
    pH6–7.5
    Size8 cm
    DietCarnivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyModerate
    Adult tank80 L
    Recommended group1

    Zebra pleco

    Hypancistrus zebra

    Lifespan estimate
    15 yr
    Schooling
    Solo OK
    Aggression
    3
    Compare
  • Asia
    Zhou's goby

    Zhou's goby

    Rhinogobius zhoui

    Temp19–24°C
    pH7–7.8
    Size3.6 cm
    DietInsectivore
    SwimBottom
    DifficultyHard
    Adult tank54 L
    Recommended group3

    Zhou's goby

    Rhinogobius zhoui

    Schooling
    Pairs
    Aggression
    2
    Compare