Small snakehead

The Chinese snakehead, also known as the small snakehead, is a medium-sized predatory fish from southern China, Hainan Island, and northern Vietnam. It displays a variable colour pattern of dark brown to grey with numerous pale spots on the head and body, and a distinctive ocellus (eye-like spot) on the caudal peduncle. Adults reach 25-35 cm (10-14 inches) in standard length, making it one of the more manageable snakehead species for the dedicated aquarist.

This is a subtropical species that requires a seasonal temperature cycle for long-term health — a winter cooling period dropping to 15°C is essential. The maximum summer temperature should not exceed 25°C, as prolonged warmth above this can cause fatal bacterial infections. A single adult requires an aquarium of at least 160 litres with a tightly-fitting, heavy lid (snakeheads are obligate air-breathers and accomplished escape artists). The aquarium should be dimly lit with plenty of cover from driftwood, terracotta pipes, dense planting, and floating vegetation. Diet is exclusively meaty: earthworms, shrimp, prawns, mussels, and pieces of whole fish — this species will not eat any kind of dried food, which is an important consideration for planning feeding.

Water parameters: 15-25°C, pH 6.0-8.0, with moderate to hard water. The species is an aggressive, territorial predator best kept singly or as a bonded pair. If a pair forms, they will breed annually, laying floating eggs that hatch in 24-36 hours, with both parents guarding the free-swimming fry. Fry are highly cannibalistic and must be sorted by size weekly. The Chinese snakehead is strictly for experienced keepers who can provide the cool winter rest period, secure housing, and specialised meaty diet this remarkable species requires.