Multies

Neolamprologus multifasciatus, commonly known as the multies or multi-shell-dweller, is a tiny cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika in East Africa. Males reach only 4.5 cm (1.8 in) and females 3.5 cm (1.4 in), making them one of the smallest cichlid species in the world. Their elongated bodies are marked with numerous vertical bars (hence multifasciatus = many bands), and they have developed one of the most fascinating breeding strategies in the aquarium hobby: obligate shell-brooding using empty snail shells.

A pair can be housed in a tank as small as 40 L (11 gal), though a colony requires more space. The essential ingredient is a sandy substrate at least 5 cm deep, covered generously with empty escargot or similar snail shells. Females claim individual shells, bury them until only the entrance is visible, and use them as both home and spawning site. Water should be hard and alkaline: pH 7.5-9.0, temperature 24-27C (75-81F), with a hardness of 8-25 dH. Live and frozen foods should form the bulk of the diet, though quality dried foods are also accepted.

Multies are territorial around their shells but can be combined with open-water Tanganyikan species such as Cyprichromis or other shell-dwellers in larger tanks. Given enough shells and a balanced male-to-female ratio (more females), they will form a thriving colony with several generations living together. Spawning occurs inside the shell: the female deposits eggs, backs out, and the male releases sperm that is drawn in by the exiting female. Eggs hatch in about 24 hours, and the female guards the fry for several weeks. These endlessly entertaining fish are ideal for anyone interested in African cichlid behaviour without needing a massive tank.