Freshwater angelfish

The freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) is a tall, discus-shaped cichlid from the slow-moving, densely vegetated backwaters and floodplains of the Amazon basin in South America. Unlike most cichlids, angelfish are relatively peaceful, though they become territorial during spawning. Their deep, laterally compressed bodies and long, trailing fins make them one of the most recognisable aquarium fish, with domesticated strains available in silver, koi, marble, veil, and many other colour morphs.

Despite reaching up to 15 cm in body length and 20 cm or more in height, angelfish are not aggressive beyond typical cichlid territoriality. A tall aquarium of at least 200 litres is essential to accommodate their vertical fin span, along with tall-leaved plants such as Amazon swords and Valisneria, driftwood, and dim to moderate lighting. They prefer soft, slightly acidic water and are sensitive to nitrate buildup and rapid parameter swings.

Angelfish are omnivorous and thrive on a varied diet of high-quality flakes or cichlid pellets supplemented with live or frozen foods such as bloodworm, brine shrimp, and daphnia. Juveniles can be kept in groups and will pair off naturally; mated pairs should be given a broad-leafed plant or spawning slate on which to lay their eggs. They are excellent parents and will guard the eggs and fry for several days.

Good tankmates include peaceful medium-to-large characins, corydoras, dwarf cichlids, and similarly sized community fish. Avoid fin-nippers such as tiger barbs and very small fish that may be eaten.