Dwarf gourami

The dwarf gourami (Trichogaster lalius) is a small labyrinth fish native to the sluggish, heavily vegetated waters of Pakistan, northern India, and Bangladesh. Males reach up to 8.8 cm (3.5 in) and display vibrant iridescent blue and red stripes, while females remain silvery and much smaller at around 6 cm. Today virtually all specimens in the trade are mass-produced on fish farms, and wild-caught fish are almost never seen. Unfortunately this species is particularly susceptible to Dwarf Gourami Iridovirus (DGIV), so careful quarantine and sourcing from reputable breeders is strongly advised.

Dwarf gouramis are shy yet territorial, best kept as a single pair in a heavily planted aquarium of at least 56 L (15 gal) with a dark substrate, floating vegetation, and plenty of shaded hiding spots. Water flow should be gentle as they naturally inhabit still waters. The tank-bred fish are adaptable but prefer temperatures of 22-27C (72-82F), pH 6.0-7.5, and soft to moderate hardness of 2-18 dH. They accept most foods including quality flakes and pellets, with regular feedings of live or frozen bloodworm enhancing colour and condition.

Males can become aggressive toward other anabantoids or brightly coloured fish such as guppies, so tankmates should be chosen carefully. Peaceful shoaling species like small rasboras, Corydoras catfish, and some freshwater shrimp make excellent companions. Dwarf gouramis are bubble-nest builders: the male constructs a nest among floating plants, entices the female underneath, and wraps his body around hers to fertilise the eggs. With proper care they typically live 3-4 years in the aquarium.