Dwarf danio

The dwarf danio, also known as the spotted danio, is a small, active cyprinid endemic to central Myanmar. Its natural range includes the Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy), Sittaung, and Bago river drainages, with type localities near Mawlamyine (Moulmein) in Mon State and near Bago (Pegu) in Bago Division. It was historically confused with Danio albolineatus and classified in the genus Brachydanio, but molecular studies have confirmed it as a distinct species. Adults reach a modest 3.7 cm (1.5 inches), and display a subtle but attractive pattern of small dark spots arranged in horizontal rows along a silver-blue body, with a fine gold stripe above a darker mid-lateral band.

This is an obligate schooling species that must be maintained in groups of at least 8-10 individuals. In insufficient numbers they become timid, withdrawn, and prone to hiding, whereas a properly-sized group exhibits constant, lively activity in the upper and middle water column. A tank of at least 54 litres with a dark substrate, dense marginal planting, and open swimming areas provides an ideal environment. They are excellent community fish for nano to medium-sized aquaria, compatible with other small, peaceful species such as Microdevario, Sundadanio, Trigonostigma, and small Corydoras. As with all danios, a cover is essential — they are accomplished jumpers.

Water conditions: 18-26°C, pH 6.5-7.5, with soft to moderately hard water. The diet is omnivorous: micro-pellets and crushed flake foods form a good staple, but regular offerings of live and frozen Daphnia, Artemia, bloodworm, and Cyclops are essential for peak colour and condition. They are easy to breed, scattering eggs among fine-leaved plants or a spawning mop, with no parental care. The dwarf danio is an ideal choice for the aquarist seeking a small, peaceful, active shoaling species that adds constant motion and subtle elegance to the planted community aquarium.